Benefit Cliffs Archives - For Opportunity Thu, 27 Aug 2026 19:33:04 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0.5 Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ Has 275,000 Open Jobs—Why Is Getting One So Hard? /whats-georgias-real-unemployment-number/ Tue, 25 Aug 2026 15:10:35 +0000 https://foroppv2.wpenginepowered.com/whats-georgias-real-unemployment-number/ Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ's economy is booming, but many people are still struggling to find and keep a job that truly makes their family better off. Lawmakers and community organizations can help.

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Key Points

  • Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµâ€™s economy is growing at a stellar pace, but many people across the state are still struggling to find and keep a job that truly makes their family better off.
  • Job-seekers often face significant roadblocks to work—including skills gaps, a lack of access to child care or transportation, and steep benefit cliffs—that make it difficult to join and stay in the workforce.  
  • Removing these hurdles will require both state-level policy changes and local community efforts that connect Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµns to rewarding jobs and provide the support they need to flourish.

In many ways, Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµâ€™s economy is booming.

The state is attracting top-tier businesses, and more Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµns are working than ever before. In June of 2026, almost 5.3 million people held jobs in Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ. The state’s unemployment rate was also just 3.4%, well below the national average of 4.2%.

And as of the end of 2025, Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ had about 275,000 job openings.

That all sounds like great news—and it is.

But strong employment numbers don’t tell the whole story.

Many of Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµâ€™s job-seekers are still wrestling with a big question: “Where can I find a job I can actually get, keep, and live on?â€�

The Everyday Challenges of the Job Search in Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ

A lack of motivation is rarely what stands between Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµns and meaningful work. 

Instead, many people are having a hard time figuring out which educational and training programs will open doors to available jobs. They may have general education backgrounds but not the specific skills, certifications, or hands-on experience today’s employers are looking for.

And finding a job that matches a job-seeker’s qualifications is only part of the equation. An employment opportunity also has to work with the realities of their everyday life. Families across Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ can face barriers to work involving: 

  • Access to child care
  • Transportation to work
  • Re-entry into the workforce after incarceration
  • Disability-related challenges
  • Distance to resources and good jobs for those in rural areas

These hurdles can make a seemingly good job much harder to take—or to keep—and families have to figure out whether the potential paycheck would really make them better off. 

The income alone might not be enough to overcome the obstacles people struggle with. It could even cause an individual or family to face a benefit cliff, where a small increase in earnings leads to a much bigger decrease in welfare (safety net) support.

There are currently about 800,000 Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµns who aren’t working full time, including:

  • Unemployed people who are looking for jobs
  • Part-time workers who want to work full time
  • People who have given up looking for work

For many of these individuals, the challenges of the search for rewarding full-time work can be complicated and overwhelming. Despite their efforts, they may feel stuck, discouraged, and unsure of how to move forward.

How State Leaders Can Build a Better Path to Work

Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ policymakers can take much-needed steps to improve the job-search process and help connect more people to promising jobs:

  1. Align Workforce Development Programs with Employer Demand: People shouldn’t spend months completing an educational program only to discover there are few openings that they’re qualified for. To prevent this, Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµâ€™s workforce development programs can coordinate with schools, technical colleges, and employers to structure education and training opportunities so they equip Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµns with the in-demand skills that lead directly to fulfilling careers.
  2. Remove the Obstacles That Keep People from Working: To help those who face barriers to work, Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ lawmakers can continue exploring a to managing government benefits and workforce services. By better integrating welfare and workforce development programs, policymakers can empower state agencies to address beneficiaries’ needs more holistically—connecting people to work while making sure they get the vital support that will enable them to take a job.
  3. Make Quality Child Care More Accessible: Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµâ€™s leaders can help make child care more affordable and available by taking a careful look at rules that may unintentionally make it harder and more expensive for providers to serve families. By considering regulatory changes while preserving quality and safety, policymakers can enable new providers to enter the market, give parents additional choices, and help working families find care that fits their lives. 
  4. Eliminate Benefit Cliffs: To reward rather than penalize people’s efforts to work, policymakers can eliminate benefit cliffs by gradually decreasing public assistance as workers earn more. This will encourage people to take meaningful jobs, accept promotions, or work more hours without fear of a steep drop in critical support.

How Local Communities Can Open Doors for Job-Seekers

Nonprofits, churches, and other community groups can also take action to help close the gap between Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµâ€™s employment numbers and the reality many families experience:

  1. Connect Job-Seekers to Employers: Community organizations can work together to identify people who are struggling to find or keep jobs and provide them with access to local work readiness programs and businesses that are hiring. 
  2. Help Employers Find Candidates: Just as importantly, community groups can learn what local employers actually need and help them connect with qualified candidates they might otherwise miss. 
  3. Provide Continuous Support to Working Families: Getting a job is just one step toward stability and prosperity. Communities can continue to encourage their neighbors and help them adapt as they start new jobs and adjust their family routines. 

The Real Measure of Economic Growth

Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ has successfully attracted new employers and become a destination for major investments. But the real measure of economic growth isn’t how many jobs are available. It’s whether Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµns can access those jobs and turn them into flourishing lives.

A good job should do more than cover today’s bills. It should create tomorrow’s opportunities. It should make it easier to support a family, save for important purchases, and open doors to upward mobility.

When policymakers and communities come together to help job-seekers, a strong economy can be something even greater: a pathway to stable, family-sustaining work and a brighter future for Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµns across the state.

Additional Resources

Alliance for Opportunity

Alliance for Opportunity

City Journal

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ Center for Opportunity 

Non-Working Adults Concentrated in Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµâ€™s Distressed Communities

Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ Center for Opportunity 

Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ Department of Labor

Governor Brian P. Kemp, Office of the Governor

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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Understanding Benefits Cliffs /benefitcliffs/ Fri, 14 Aug 2026 16:28:33 +0000 /?p=3750 What to know about these overlooked poverty traps Millions of Americans rely on government-run safety net programs to help meet their fundamental […]

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What to know about these overlooked poverty traps

Millions of Americans rely on government-run safety net programs to help meet their fundamental needs. Also known as “welfare programs� or “public assistance,� safety net programs include the , the (SNAP or food stamps), , housing assistance, and childcare support, among many others.

These programs are meant to temporarily support individuals and families going through tough times as they rise above the poverty level and become self-sufficient again.

But these safety nets often function more like snare nets, trapping people in a complex web of formulas and rules that prevents them from taking and keeping promising jobs that would lead to a better future.

Frankie, a young woman who moved to Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ for a new start, found herself in this very situation. She felt forced to turn down a great job that would have paid $70,000 per year. She needed the job, but she also needed the public assistance that would help her find an affordable home for her family. The new income would have made her ineligible for that crucial housing support.

How is it possible that well-intentioned government assistance programs are actually reinforcing cycles of poverty? People like Frankie who receive safety net support are facing harmful barriers to opportunity called “benefits cliffs.� This critical flaw in welfare programs discourages work and upward mobility and keeps people stuck in long-term cycles of government dependency.

Benefits cliffs in public assistance programs can force people to turn down jobs that would grow their income and careers

What are benefits cliffs?

Many low-income workers experience , sometimes called “welfare cliffs.� In these disheartening situations, a small increase in earnings leads to a sudden and sharp decrease in, or even a total loss of, public assistance.

The higher wages push a worker’s income over the eligibility limit for one or more safety net programs, causing the abrupt loss of essential benefits. This leaves people worse off financially, despite doing everything right to get ahead.

Who do benefits cliffs affect?

Benefits cliffs, and their severity, depend on many factors. The number of people in a family, how much each person earns, and where they live can all play a role. Low-income working parents with young children are especially vulnerable to benefits cliffs because they frequently rely on multiple safety net programs to protect their family’s well-being.

A detailed developed by the Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ Center for Opportunity provides many scenarios showing how benefits cliffs can affect a family’s net earnings.

Let’s consider the situation of a working mother with two young children in Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ who’s receiving benefits from five welfare programs:

  • If she earns $12.50 per hour from her full-time job, her combined income from wages and public assistance will total about $45,000 annually.
  • If she earns just 25¢ more per hour, she’ll face a net loss in income of almost $1,500 per year because of reduced safety net benefits.
  • If she gets a slightly bigger raise of $1.25 per hour, she’ll lose so much in welfare benefits that her net income will decrease by a staggering $15,000 per year. That loss will pose a huge risk to her family’s health and financial stability.

What are the impacts of benefits cliffs?

Many public assistance recipients find themselves in deeply worrying circumstances after they take a better-paying job or accept a raise. Their income has increased too much to qualify for benefits, but it’s still not high enough to cover all their family’s essential needs like food, healthcare, housing, and childcare. In this demoralizing situation, people often feel like they’re being punished for trying to break free from government dependency.

Effects on career development

When individuals don’t accept fulfilling career opportunities, they lose the vital sense of dignity, purpose, and well-being that meaningful work and upward mobility provide.

“It makes you feel hopeless,â€� said . Carlotta was offered a rewarding job at a broadcast network in Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ, but she instead took a lower-paying job that wouldn’t put her much needed medical benefits at risk.

Implications for mental health

Benefits cliffs can impact mental health in many ways as well. For example, , a working mom, struggled to afford housing after her income increased above the eligibility limit for public assistance. Rather than being excited about her advancing career, Joyelle felt scared. Her fears of not being able to take care of her family were “devastating� for her well-being, and she suffered from severe anxiety, stress, and depression.

Consequences for employers and communities

The negative impacts of benefits cliffs also spread to employers and local communities. When people are disengaged from work, businesses find themselves constantly hiring rather than building a strong, stable, and efficient workforce that can help the surrounding community grow and thrive.

How can policymakers address benefits cliffs?

Safety net programs help people survive on a basic level, but they don’t currently empower welfare recipients to rise above the poverty line so they can flourish and reach their true potential.

As Frankie asked of the safety net system, “Do you want me to really be better, or do you want me to really be poor?�

To solve this critical issue and reward progress rather than penalizing it, policymakers should eliminate benefits cliffs by gradually decreasing public assistance as workers earn more. This will encourage individuals to take meaningful jobs, accept promotions, or work more hours without fear of a benefits cliff. In addition, gradual benefit reductions will give families time to make financial plans as they move toward self-sufficiency.

Removing barriers to work also allows people to experience the powerful sense of dignity, purpose, and confidence that comes from a rewarding job and financial independence. And when people take jobs that confirm their inherent value and potential, it transforms not only their lives, but the lives of their family members as well.

As workforce participation increases, businesses can also hire and promote more workers. This will stabilize their staff and reduce inefficiencies that high turnover rates can cause. A thriving local economy will then lift and strengthen the entire community.

Research has shown that work is one of the key factors in breaking the cycle of poverty. It’s a gateway to a better future where people and communities can flourish. To open these doors, policymakers need to make changes, ensuring that benefits cliffs are no longer barriers on the pathway to opportunity.

Personal stories: What it’s like to face benefits cliffs

Frankie’s story

Frankie moved to Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ for a new start. Instead, she faced a heartbreaking choice. Say “yesâ€� to a good job offer, and she would become ineligible for the housing assistance she needed to get on her feet.

Joyelle’s story

Joyelle needed to fall back on public housing during a tough time in her life. She was determined to get back on her feet. After going back to school, she was offered an exciting full-time job with the state of Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ. That’s when Joyelle got a shocking surprise: due to her new salary, her subsidized housing allowance disappeared overnight and left her feeling further behind than ever.

Additional resources


American Public Human Services Association


The Black Chronicle


Fed Communities


Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta


Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta


Forbes


Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity

The Benefits Cliff
Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ Center for Opportunity

Confirmed. Welfare Cliffs Pervasive in 8 Southeast States
Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ Center for Opportunity

Disincentives for Work and Marriage in Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµâ€™s Welfare System
Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ Center for Opportunity

If You Accept This Raise, You Fall Off the Welfare Cliff
Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ Center for Opportunity

Nonfinancial Impact from Nonwork
Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ Center for Opportunity

Solving the Food Assistance (SNAP) Benefits Cliff
Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ Center for Opportunity

Welfare Cliffs Exist—Concludes Team of Economists
Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ Center for Opportunity


National Conference of State Legislatures


National Conference of State Legislatures


Sutherland Institute

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Welfare Cliffs and Gaps: The role health insurance plays in upward mobility /welfare-cliffs-and-gaps-the-role-health-insurance-plays-in-upward-mobility-2/ Tue, 27 Oct 2020 07:00:14 +0000 https://foroppv2.wpenginepowered.com/welfare-cliffs-and-gaps-the-role-health-insurance-plays-in-upward-mobility-2/ Cody and Estelle are a young married couple living in a suburban neighborhood. Cody has a full-time job and Estelle is a nanny so she can have their daughter with her at work. They make just enough money to pay the rent...

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The role health insurance plays in upward mobility

By Shana Burres

Cody and Estelle are a young married couple living in a suburban neighborhood. Cody has a full-time job and Estelle is a nanny so she can have their daughter with her at work. They make just enough money to pay the rent on their small home and pay their bills, but there is rarely anything left over each month. They are not middle class but they are above the poverty line, and they are facing a potential financial crisis because of health care costs.  

Cody’s work offers an insurance plan but does not subsidize the cost and the monthly premium for a family is more than their rent. Because of the expansion of Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), they qualify for a government-subsidized plan. The coverage is poor and the deductibles are high. They are one emergency room trip or unexpected surgery away from a dire financial situation.

Cody is working on building a part-time freelance business so they can have some savings and buy a more reliable car. But he is hesitant to promote it because too much of an increase in income will push them over the ACA’s income threshold and they will lose their health care subsidy. They still wouldn’t be able to afford the employer-sponsored plan and would lose coverage entirely. 

They are facing the, forced to choose between self-improvement and maintaining necessary services. If they increase their income, they are at risk of falling into the welfare gap—too much income for services, not enough income to cover the costs.

The implications of the loss of health care coverage reach into their and their daughter’s future. Health insurance, and the associated continuity of care, in the short term and life success in the long term.  At a  basic level, health care means that students are better able to engage in their academics and miss fewer days of school.

In slightly more complex terms, lacking health insurance, along with other factors related to instability, is part of the . These social determinants are a cluster of lived experiences that include food instability, homelessness, and poverty. They are direct predictors of poor health and, as noted, poor health contributes to poorer academic and social outcomes. While programs or funding can often address homelessness and poverty, a family has available to purchase food. For a family like Cody and Estella’s, this may be seen as the choice between groceries and paying for an urgent care visit and a prescription for their daughter. 

For them and the vast majority of people in the United State, health insurance is the barrier to care. People who live at or below the poverty line have access to medical coverage through Medicaid. And families who live far above the poverty line can access health insurance through work or afford to pay for the premiums through the health exchange. However, the evidence shows that children who are near, but not under, the poverty line have the . These children and their families live in the welfare gap, a reality for . This means that Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµâ€™s families need solutions for ongoing health care to support their long-term success.

The most effective solutions are those that acknowledge the immediate needs of families and address the need for policy change. Currently, many programs are aimed at the individual or involve community-based interventions that . And these programs can be useful and effective as solutions to the immediate needs of families living in the welfare gap. Unfortunately, these do not address the upstream institutional, systemic, and public policy drivers of the distribution disparities. 

Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµâ€™s families deserve upstream solutions that address the welfare gap and support their efforts to be participants in their health care and long-term outcomes. Three interconnected approaches offer equitable and proven access:

Untether healthcare from employers

According to the US Census Bureau, approximately 55% of people have access to. This tethering of health insurance to employment leads to disruptions of coverage due to job loss or change. Therefore, untethering healthcare from its connection to employment would allow people to pursue jobs, education, or entrepreneurship free from the limitation of health insurance access or cost. 

Make shopping for health insurance easier

As cost is the most significant factor influencing people’s access to health insurance, the second approach is to make shopping for health insurance the same as shopping for any other type of insurance. Individuals could compare coverage, cost, and other options across multiple providers, which would empower them to choose the product best suited to their particular needs. Currently, most people have little to no choice in which insurance product they receive from their employer and the cost is more closely related to the company’s ability to negotiate a favorable contract than it is to the types of benefits the employees need. 

Offer government subsidies that do not create welfare cliffs

Of course, employers often also subsidize a portion of their company health insurance plan, and subsidies are one of the ways insurance is made more affordable for their employees.  The third approach, government subsidies, would ensure these benefits are equitable and accessible to the whole population and not reliant on an employer. While government-funded health insurance already exists and subsidies are available through the ACA marketplace, the current method does not address  welfare cliffs or close the welfare gap. Therefore, the policy should be updated to a means-tested  eligibility system that eliminates marriage penalties and the breakpoints that contribute to the welfare cliff. 

For our couple, Cody and Estelle, this new approach to health insurance would allow them to gain sufficient coverage for their whole family without spending a disproportionate amount of their income on health care costs. It would allow Cody to build his freelance business and improve their quality of life without fear of losing health insurance while their income grows. 

Every person in Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ deserves to live a healthy and fulfilling life. Access to healthcare is a necessary component of their success. These three approaches will remove barriers to access, equalize costs, and ensure support is available to those who need it. 

Shana Burres is an educator, foster parent, and speaker. She holds a Master’s degree in education and, as the former executive director of DASH Kids, is a fierce advocate for equitable outcomes for children of all backgrounds and experiences. Shana currently is an adjunct professor, learning development consultant, and her local Mockingbird HUB home for foster families and their youth.

DISINCENTIVES FOR WORK AND MARRIAGE IN GEORGIA’S WELFARE SYSTEM

Based on the most recent 2015 data, this report provides an in-depth look at the welfare cliffs across the state of Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ. A computer model was created to demonstrate how welfare programs, alone or in combination with other programs, create multiple welfare cliffs for recipients that punish work. In addition to covering a dozen programs – more than any previous model – the tool used to produce the following report allows users to see how the welfare cliff affects individuals and families with very specific characteristics, including the age and sex of the parent, number of children, age of children, income, and other variables. Welfare reform conversations often lack a complete understanding of just how means-tested programs actually inflict harm on some of the neediest within our state’s communities.

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DOWNLOAD EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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How Second Chances Impact Communities /how-second-chances-impact-communities/ Tue, 13 Oct 2020 06:00:22 +0000 https://foroppv2.wpenginepowered.com/how-second-chances-impact-communities/ Our communities need to understand and appreciate Kevin and others like him. We must begin to see past our biases and speak life into those who have fallen. The poverty of community is just as important (if not more important) than economic poverty, and the butterfly effect I am describing is always at play either in a positive or in a negative way.

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By Kristin Barker

We must begin to see past our biases and speak life into those who have fallen.

I recently had a mini-awakening. We were interviewing a young man who was a convicted felon. He was given a second chance to move into a job about one year ago with a company full of champions who were able to recognize his immense on-the-job potential early on. They continue to outwardly encourage him, help him as he maps out his future path, and openly show him their appreciation. The support he receives from his managers and the Human Resources team is phenomenal. But I knew this going in.

This was not the awakening. The company is Columbus Water Works in Columbus, GA. As a core company value, they believe in providing great opportunities and giving second chances. This is not because the business itself is looking to gain, although it does gain a lot, but because their corporate culture encourages this as the right thing to do. This company is a partner in part because of this important core value that we share, so this was also no surprise to me. This was not the awakening.

As Kevin spoke about responsibility, he also shared his desire to influence others so they would begin see that opportunity does exist. As he continued, I saw a spark ignite in his eyes.

When he shared how he will encounter someone at a gas station and encourage him or her not to give up, it was clear that his influence on the community that surrounds him is a direct extension of the individuals who have nurtured and encouraged him since his incarceration. The responsibility he feels to share what he knows from his own experience is more valuable than any economic equation can measure. What he now knows without a shadow of a doubt is that there is hope and that he has value!

Our communities need to understand and appreciate Kevin and others like him. We must begin to see past our biases and speak life into those who have fallen. The poverty of community is just as important (if not more important) than economic poverty, and the butterfly effect I am describing is always at play either in a positive or in a negative way.

Every one of us decides daily who we will lift up and who we will allow to continue to fall. We choose every day whether we will contribute to the strength of our community by respecting and showing that respect to the weakest of our neighbors. The alternative is to fail to speak hope and to perpetuate hopelessness. As a result, this weakens our communities. 

If we, collectively, determine to see the value that is inherent in others and begin to express this belief proactively and personally in an open and vulnerable way, the same spark that I saw in Kevin today will begin to catch fire in others who have no hope. Our communities will grow stronger and healing will follow. 

As for me, I am thankful. I am thankful for the opportunity to meet Kevin and to hear his story. I am thankful to learn from his experience. I am also thankful to know the great leaders at Columbus Water Works who live their corporate values on the job every day. Above all, I am thankful to live in a community where potential is abundant, people generally support one another, and opportunities abound for most. My greatest hope is that tomorrow, those opportunities will abound for all!

EMPLOYMENT RESOURCES

SYSTEMIC WELFARE IN GEORGIA: PART 1 THE CASE FOR REFORM

In the first paper of our three-part series presenting a vision for systemic welfare reform in Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ, we explore the need for a welfare system that starts with the assumption that natural support systems, including individual work and a reliance on family and community assistance, should be the primary sources of help when individuals face financial need. This report demonstrates how the current system does not meet these assumptions and points to the need for reform.

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SYSTEMIC WELFARE IN GEORGIA: PART 2 PRINCIPLES AND FRAMEWORK FOR REFORM

In the second paper of our three-part series presenting a vision for systemic welfare reform in Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ, we explore the new system as we imagine it could be, give guiding principles, provide a general framework for how the reformed system can function, and establish preliminary steps needed to implement the vision.

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SYSTEMIC WELFARE IN GEORGIA: PART 3 HOW THE NEW SYSTEM WILL WORK

In the third and final paper of our three-part series presenting a vision for systemic welfare reform in Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ, we propose the creation of new, consolidated program modules (including their structure, design, and expected outcomes) to replace current, disjointed programs. We go on to present a structure Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµâ€™s governor and executive agencies could adopt to effectively and in relatively short order implement a reformed system.

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A REAL SOLUTION FOR HEALTH INSURANCE AND MEDICAL ASSISTANCE REFORM

Medical assistance programs have long needed reforms to address high prices and lack of access. Despite the fact that federal policy tends to dominate medical assistance programs, states do have some flexibility to enact reforms. This study explores how states – and particularly Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ – have flexibility and can experiment with Medicaid, the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), and the Affordable Care Act (ACA) to improve access, lower costs, and streamline the system to better serve those in need of assistance.

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HIRING WELL, DOING GOOD IN GEORGIA

Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ has suffered from higher unemployment rates and lower high school graduation rates than the national average for many years. This report takes a look at the trends driving those problems and the potential solutions, including apprenticeships, that could lead to greater economic mobility for young adults.

DOWNLOAD REPORT

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Equitable Options In Education /equitable-options-in-education/ Wed, 07 Oct 2020 15:43:42 +0000 https://foroppv2.wpenginepowered.com/equitable-options-in-education/ Since 2016, the Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ Center for Opportunity (GCO) has demonstrated the existence of welfare cliffs. Now a team of five economists has come to the same conclusion. Welfare cliffs are an unfortunate feature of the American welfare system.

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Equitable Options In Education 

By Shana Burres 

Ashley* is a middle-class mom. She is married with three kids and, through a scholarship, has her children enrolled in a local well-respected private school. She was pleased to be able to provide her children with an excellent education and believed they were gaining an advantage in their academic career. 

A few years into elementary school her son, John, was excelling academically but struggling with basic social and life skills. After a series of tests and meetings with doctors and experts, John was placed on the Autism spectrum. He was diagnosed as high-functioning, with a high IQ and all the potential to learn how to navigate a neurotypical world. 

Ashley immediately withdrew John from the private school and enrolled him in the local public school. 

Why? “Because Ashley believed public schools would offer better services for her child with special needs.” This is due, in part, to the Federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (), which provides funding to public schools specifically to meet the needs of students with disabilities and learning barriers. 

Fostering Public Health

Long before the IDEA legislation, public schools were used as a way to foster public health and welfare. The earliest integrations of public education and welfare were introduced during the progressive era, starting in the 1890s and continuing into the 1930s. Progressive leaders advocated for the school curriculum to address matters such as health, recreation, and mental health (at the time called mental hygiene). On the heels of the progressive movement, the Truman administration signed the 1945 National School Lunch Act, which provided free or low-cost nutritionally-balanced meals to school children. Coupled with the work of the established in the Reconstruction Period (1865-1877), the education system in the United States has a deeply established pattern of being a source for public health and welfare. 

While there are certainly many middle-class students like John who have benefitted from the services established and developed in the last 150 years, the vast majority of students who rely on the school as a public health arena are living near the poverty line.  According to report on poverty, one in six children live in poverty, making them the poorest age group in our nation. Children are also most likely to suffer the such as poor educational outcomes, higher instances of injury and chronic illness, and diminished mental and emotional capacity. Each of these factors feed into a poverty loop that increases the likelihood of the next. For example, when a student has a chronic illness and diminished emotional capacity, they miss more days of school and are less able to make up the work from the time missed. Consequently, they fall further behind and are less likely to earn high enough grades to graduate and move into vocational training or college education. So the cycle begins again, as they are trapped in unstable and low-wage jobs, poor health care, and poor outcomes. 

Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ’s Educational Challenges

In Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ, qualifies for free or reduced-cost lunch. While free lunch may be offered at private schools, the marker is used to represent the over one million students who face a statistically higher risk for the long-term effects of poverty. And, as noted at the beginning of the blog post, the public school is a key welfare access point. When the public schools are inaccessible to families already facing significant barriers, the children lose not only academic instruction but a cascade of critical services. Safety, health, learning or development support, and nutrition are among just some of the key services that disappear along with daily instruction. 

Those types of cascading losses have been brought into stark relief as the nation responds to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It appears we have built a system that relies too heavily on a physical building for the delivery of services. And while new programs like have begun to respond to the nutrition gap created by school closures, there remains the questions of how students will catch up academically, who will observe and report domestic abuse, and how students will access mental and social services. 

A Better Way Forward

And these questions bring the focus toward a golden opportunity. As Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ is forced to look at programs and services differently, we can disentangle the various services to improve the delivery and outcomes across the board. For example, under the old framework, any student could access free- or reduced-cost lunches at their local public school. However, some districts and schools provided a greater complement of services for students with individualized education plans (IEPs). The variances in services provided from district to district contributes to the cascade of poorer outcomes for students living in chronic poverty—but we have the opportunity to change this reality. In fact, Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ already has systems in place that disentangle the range of services while ensuring the optimal outcome for the individual student through their state school, charter, and virtual school programs.  

The public school will likely always be a public health arena but, as we are quickly learning, equitable public education and social services cannot be bound to the physical local school. We can and should continue to improve the academic, health, and social outcomes for the students of Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ through creative, flexible, and more open methods of delivery. 

Interested in how you can help support flexible and equitable options? Click here.

* Name changed to protect the identity of the individual

Shana Burres is an educator, foster parent, and speaker. She holds a Master’s degree in education and, as the former executive director of DASH Kids, is a fierce advocate for equitable outcomes for children of all backgrounds and experiences. Shana currently is an adjunct professor, learning development consultant, and her local Mockingbird HUB home for foster families and their youth.

DISINCENTIVES FOR WORK AND MARRIAGE IN GEORGIA’S WELFARE SYSTEM

Based on the most recent 2015 data, this report provides an in-depth look at the welfare cliffs across the state of Ä¢¹½ÊÓÆµ. A computer model was created to demonstrate how welfare programs, alone or in combination with other programs, create multiple welfare cliffs for recipients that punish work. In addition to covering a dozen programs – more than any previous model – the tool used to produce the following report allows users to see how the welfare cliff affects individuals and families with very specific characteristics, including the age and sex of the parent, number of children, age of children, income, and other variables. Welfare reform conversations often lack a complete understanding of just how means-tested programs actually inflict harm on some of the neediest within our state’s communities.

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